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• Generate Openssl Certificate
• Generate Self Signed Ssl Certificate
• Generate Certificate Request Openssl
• Openssl Generate Self Signed Certificate And Key Without Passphrase
• Openssl Create Self Signed Certificate And Key

Updated by LinodeWritten by Linode

Generate Openssl Certificate

Dec 01, 2018  This topic tells you how to generate self-signed SSL certificate requests using the OpenSSL toolkit to enable HTTPS connections. OpenSSL is often used to encrypt authentication of mail clients and to secure web based transactions such as credit card payments. This tutorial will walk through the process of creating your own self-signed certificate. You can use this to secure network communication using the SSL/TLS protocol. For example, to run an HTTPS server. If you don't need self-signed certificates and want trusted signed certificates, check out my LetsEncrypt SSL Tutorial for a walkthrough of how to get free signed certificates. Create a root CA certificate. Create your root CA certificate using OpenSSL. Create the root key. Sign in to your computer where OpenSSL is installed and run the following command. This creates a password protected key. Openssl ecparam -out contoso.key -name prime256v1 -genkey At the prompt, type a strong password.

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What is a Self-Signed TLS Certificate?

Self-signed TLS certificates are suitable for personal use or for applications that are used internally within an organization. If you intend to use your SSL certificate on a website, see our guide on enabling TLS for NGINX once you’ve completed the process outlined in this guide.

Create the Certificate

1. Change to the root user and change to the directory in which you want to create the certificate and key pair. That location will vary depending on your needs. Here we’ll use /root/certs:

2. Create the certificate:

   You will be prompted to add identifying information about your website or organization to the certificate. Since a self-signed certificate won’t be used publicly, this information isn’t necessary. If this certificate will be passed on to a certificate authority for signing, the information needs to be as accurate as possible.

   The following is a breakdown of the OpenSSL options used in this command. There are many other options available, but these will create a basic certificate which will be good for a year. For more information, see man openssl in your terminal.

   • -newkey rsa:4096: Create a 4096 bit RSA key for use with the certificate. RSA 2048 is the default on more recent versions of OpenSSL but to be sure of the key size, you should specify it during creation.

   • -x509: Create a self-signed certificate.

   • -sha256: Generate the certificate request using 265-bit SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm).

   • -days: Determines the length of time in days that the certificate is being issued for. For a self-signed certificate, this value can be increased as necessary.

   • -nodes: Create a certificate that does not require a passphrase. If this option is excluded, you will be required to enter the passphrase in the console each time the application using it is restarted.

   Here is an example of the output:

3. Restrict the key’s permissions so that only root can access it:

4. Back up your certificate and key to external storage. This is an important step. Do not skip it!

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This guide is published under a CC BY-ND 4.0 license.

SSL certificates are cool. They will be used more and more. This tutorial should be used only on development and/or test environments!

For a production environment please use the already trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs).

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This key & certificate will be used to sign other self signed certificates. That will be covered in another tutorial.

here's a video:

Generate the CA key

You'll be prompted to enter a password.

openssl genrsa -des3 -out myCA.key 2048

Generate the Certificate

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Generate Self Signed Ssl Certificate

openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key myCA.key -sha256 -days 3650 -out myCA.pem

Generate Certificate Request Openssl

3650 means that it will be valid for 10 years. Yes!

You can optionally remove the password from the key. For development purposes it would most likely be OK.

Make a backup of the original key

Linux/Mac: cp myCA.key myCA.key.with_pwd
Windows: copy myCA.key myCA.key.with_pwd

Export the CA key without a password

This is useful so you don't have to keep track of the password and/or use a script to sign self-signed SSL certificates.

openssl rsa -in myCA.key.with_pwd -out myCA.key

Convert the CA certificate from .PEM to .CRT format

openssl x509 -outform der -in myCA.pem -out myCA.crt

You may get the following errors:

Openssl Generate Self Signed Certificate And Key Without Passphrase

How to fix OpenSSL error unable to write random state.

To fix this use this in the command line.

Windows

Openssl Create Self Signed Certificate And Key

set RANDFILE=.rnd

Linux/Mac

export RANDFILE=.rnd

Another OpenSSL WARNING: can't open config file: /apache24/conf/openssl.cnf

This is fixable by setting an ENV variable that points to this file. I have copied this from my current Apache installation.

If you don't have it download it from this gist: https://gist.github.com/lordspace/c2edd30b793e2ee32e5b751e8f977b41

Windows: set OPENSSL_CONF=openssl.cnf

Linux: export OPENSSL_CONF=openssl.cnf

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